A number spiral is an infinite grid whose upper-left square has number \(1\). Here are the first five layers of the spiral:

Your task is to find out the number in row \(y\) and column \(x\).

Input

• The first input line contains an integer \(t\): the number of tests.
• After this, there are \(t\) lines, each containing integers \(y\) and \(x\).

Output

• For each test, print the number in row \(y\) and column \(x\).

Constraints

• \(1 \le t \le 10^5\)
• \(1 \le y,x \le 10^9\)

Example

Sample input

3
2 3
1 1
4 2

Sample Output

8
1
15